1. List the general goals of the:
a. socialists
many different goals. A classless society, give the land and industry to government.
b. liberal reformers
wanted to create western constitution and rule of law
2. List three characteristics of serfs' lives.
Lasted an average of 35 years. Communes consisted of between four and 80 households. Needs of family before needs of individual.
3. List four reforms of Tsar Alexander II.
Abolished serfdom, introduced jury trials, relaxed censorship laws, created local elected assemblies called "zemstvos"
4. Why did the populists go "to the people" in 1873-1874?
They thought they could convince the "simple folk" to revolt against the government.
5. List two consequences of the famine of 1891.
.5 million peasents died. The famine created an awakening among Russian intellectuals.
6. Why was Karl Marx important to Russian intellectuals?
It was one of the only books the Russian Censors ignored. His ideas offered an explanation for the causes of the famine. Intellectuals believed his ideas could Europeanize Russia.
7. What were the Goals and Methods of the following political groups in early twentieth century Russia? (see page 8 of the reading)
a. Liberal Democrats
Wanted a European style government with more rights for the people. They came largely of the middle class.
b. Socialist Revolutionaries
They wanted to socialize all land and transfer it to the communes and create a social democracy. Supported violent revolution.
c. Social Democrats
Believed in Marxism, wanted a workers revolution. Split into two parties: the Mensheviks and Bolsheviks.
8. How did Bloody Sunday change people's attitudes toward the Tsar?
They no longer saw him as a benevolent protector of the people. The people wanted revolution.
9. List four reforms in Tsar Nicholas's October Manifesto.
a limited monarchy, legislature elected by universal suffrage, expansion of civil liberties, legalization of trade unions and political parties.
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