Choose TWO of the following areas that the Nazis tried to implement their ideas: Increased Births; Improved welfare; Reduced employment; Reduced education; Involvement in women's organizations.
Using those two areas above, complete the following:
Area 1: Increased Bearths
Key Measures Attempted:
-Financial incentives
-improved maternity services
-Higher taxes on childless couples
-restriction on contraception info
-tigher penalties on abortion
-sterilisation of undesirables
-encouragement of births outside of marriage
Successes birth rate rose, but slowly declined (1933-1939)
Limitations and Failures: Eugenic policies limited population potential, growth may have been due to economic recovery not social policies.
Area 2: Welfare
Key Measures Attempted: National Socialist Welfare Organization, expansion of health offices especially in poor and rural areas (improved sanitation, preventative medecine, genetica and racial care). Improved child-care facilities, especially for working mothers.
Successes: Infant Mortality rates dropped. 1933: 7.7% 1936: 6.6%
Limitations and Failures: Welfare was closely linked to genetic policies.
Monday, April 4, 2011
Wednesday, March 30, 2011
“Nazi policy for women was confused”
I agree with this to a certain extent. In the beginning it was not confused, because a woman’s only role was to be a mother/homemaker. However in the late 1930’s it became more confused, because the Nazis needed women workers, because the men were fighting.
“Nazi policy for women was a failure”
It was sort of a failure. Towards the end, the Nazis could have used women in the factories or as nurses or something, but their biases about women prevented them from doing that. But it was not all a failure because the birth rate increased from fifteen per thousand in 1933, to twenty per thousand in 1939.
I agree with this to a certain extent. In the beginning it was not confused, because a woman’s only role was to be a mother/homemaker. However in the late 1930’s it became more confused, because the Nazis needed women workers, because the men were fighting.
“Nazi policy for women was a failure”
It was sort of a failure. Towards the end, the Nazis could have used women in the factories or as nurses or something, but their biases about women prevented them from doing that. But it was not all a failure because the birth rate increased from fifteen per thousand in 1933, to twenty per thousand in 1939.
Nazi Youth Policies and Education Assessment
Using the green book, complete the focus task on page 204 (Nos. 1 & 2) that involves an assessment of Nazi Youth policies and education.
1. Hitler wanted to build a 1,000 year Reich, and to do this he needed children. The Nazis knew that children would be most easy to influence, so they tried to indoctrinate them at school. They knew that adults would be too hard to influence.
The Nazis did this using a number of methods. They changed the educational system so all the teachers were Nazis, and so that every subject in school was infused with Nazi ideology. For example, source 29 shows how the Nazis even put in propaganda into math text books. The Hitler youth also helped win over young people. Young people were encouraged to turn in their own parents for being anti-Nazi. As source 28 shows, the Nazis’ goal was to have control of people from their birth, until their death.
There were many reasons to be attracted to the youth movements (such as the Hitler Youth, and the League of German Maidens). According to source 36, there was a great sense of belonging, and being part of a great nation.
2. However, even though many young people loved the Nazis, some did not. Some young people resented and resisted being controlled by the Nazis. Some of these groups were the Edelweiss Pirates, and the “Swing” movement.
1. Hitler wanted to build a 1,000 year Reich, and to do this he needed children. The Nazis knew that children would be most easy to influence, so they tried to indoctrinate them at school. They knew that adults would be too hard to influence.
The Nazis did this using a number of methods. They changed the educational system so all the teachers were Nazis, and so that every subject in school was infused with Nazi ideology. For example, source 29 shows how the Nazis even put in propaganda into math text books. The Hitler youth also helped win over young people. Young people were encouraged to turn in their own parents for being anti-Nazi. As source 28 shows, the Nazis’ goal was to have control of people from their birth, until their death.
There were many reasons to be attracted to the youth movements (such as the Hitler Youth, and the League of German Maidens). According to source 36, there was a great sense of belonging, and being part of a great nation.
2. However, even though many young people loved the Nazis, some did not. Some young people resented and resisted being controlled by the Nazis. Some of these groups were the Edelweiss Pirates, and the “Swing” movement.
Monday, March 28, 2011
Was Nazi Youth Policy Successful
1. Responses to Nazi Youth Policies
-Enthusiasm: This source says that the youthes were very enthusiastic about the Nazis. They liked uniforms and the regimentation the Nazis offered. They are fanatical about Hitler.
-Conformity for career reasons: In source 14.35 it says that many young people think the will get jobs from the persecution of jews and Marxists. SOurce 14.37 is saying that young people are upset because they can't have the jobs they want. They were promised good jobs, and they believed they would get them, but they were let down.
-Conformity through fear: Source 14.36 says that some students lie about what newspapers their parents read at home, for fear of being persecuted. They don't their teachers to know that their parents are not Nazis. They just conform because they are afraid. Source 14.38 shows a young child being escorted by armed Nazis. This source shows that children conform to Nazis because they are afraid because they feel like they could be shot at any moment.
-conformity through apathy/natural obedience: This source shows that no one the author knows really cared about National Socialism, they only obey because it is easy to do.
-Noncomformity/disilussion: This source suggests that many young people are dissatisfied with the Nazis. They no longer go to Hitler youth meetings, and are bored with the regimented routine and the force-feeding of National Socialism.
-Criticism/opposition: Source 14.36 also shows that some young people fight back, by breaking Nazi prohibitions. Source 14.37 shows there are also other young people who are like the counter-culture. They write anti-nazi slogans on the walls of the subway.
2. Yes, the opinonian did change over time. In 1934 the Nazis still seemed new and cool. By 1935 young people were feeling pressure to conform and were getting tired of the same old ideology. By 1938 they were dissuliosend with National Socialism. By 1943 they were actually opposing the Nazis by deliberately breaking rules.
3. Neither of them are necessarily accurate. The SOPADE can't know all of the children in the country, so maybe only they people they see are disillusioned with National Socialism. But actually I think they are good sources, because the police probably were not lying, and probably not the SOPADE. They were just unbiased observers.
4. I think Nazi Youth Policy did work for a lot of kids, but not all. Some were content with the mindless-ness of the Nazis, but a lot of the smarter ones rebelled or at least questioned the Nazis. It was not completely effective, especially towards the end of the regime. There seems to be a lot of disagreement between historians. A. Wilt says that 95% of German youth supported the Nazis, while D. Peukert says during the war years there was a "massive opposition movement." K. Fischer says, "Nazi educational efforts as a whole turned out to be poorly thought out and lacking in substance."
-Enthusiasm: This source says that the youthes were very enthusiastic about the Nazis. They liked uniforms and the regimentation the Nazis offered. They are fanatical about Hitler.
-Conformity for career reasons: In source 14.35 it says that many young people think the will get jobs from the persecution of jews and Marxists. SOurce 14.37 is saying that young people are upset because they can't have the jobs they want. They were promised good jobs, and they believed they would get them, but they were let down.
-Conformity through fear: Source 14.36 says that some students lie about what newspapers their parents read at home, for fear of being persecuted. They don't their teachers to know that their parents are not Nazis. They just conform because they are afraid. Source 14.38 shows a young child being escorted by armed Nazis. This source shows that children conform to Nazis because they are afraid because they feel like they could be shot at any moment.
-conformity through apathy/natural obedience: This source shows that no one the author knows really cared about National Socialism, they only obey because it is easy to do.
-Noncomformity/disilussion: This source suggests that many young people are dissatisfied with the Nazis. They no longer go to Hitler youth meetings, and are bored with the regimented routine and the force-feeding of National Socialism.
-Criticism/opposition: Source 14.36 also shows that some young people fight back, by breaking Nazi prohibitions. Source 14.37 shows there are also other young people who are like the counter-culture. They write anti-nazi slogans on the walls of the subway.
2. Yes, the opinonian did change over time. In 1934 the Nazis still seemed new and cool. By 1935 young people were feeling pressure to conform and were getting tired of the same old ideology. By 1938 they were dissuliosend with National Socialism. By 1943 they were actually opposing the Nazis by deliberately breaking rules.
3. Neither of them are necessarily accurate. The SOPADE can't know all of the children in the country, so maybe only they people they see are disillusioned with National Socialism. But actually I think they are good sources, because the police probably were not lying, and probably not the SOPADE. They were just unbiased observers.
4. I think Nazi Youth Policy did work for a lot of kids, but not all. Some were content with the mindless-ness of the Nazis, but a lot of the smarter ones rebelled or at least questioned the Nazis. It was not completely effective, especially towards the end of the regime. There seems to be a lot of disagreement between historians. A. Wilt says that 95% of German youth supported the Nazis, while D. Peukert says during the war years there was a "massive opposition movement." K. Fischer says, "Nazi educational efforts as a whole turned out to be poorly thought out and lacking in substance."
Sunday, March 27, 2011
Nazi Education Policies
1. Identify three important changes made by the Nazis to the education system. Explain the purpose of each change.
A. teachers were pressured into joining the National Socialist teacher's League. Members had to take a 1 month course on Nazi ideology. This is was so teachers would teach the Nazi message.
B. Nazis also changed the curriculum so only their message could be taught.
C. Nazis also moved away from co-educational schools, so that each sex could get apporpriate education.
2. Give specific examples of how the Nazis tried in schools to develop the spirit of Volksgemeinschaft in the following seven goals:
Anti-intellectualism: According Source 14..16 there was no intellectual freedom and education was being degraded. Also in source 14.27 shows that Nazis did not like people reading, it calls an increase in readers a "crisis."
Anti-semitism: As source 14.23 shows, the Nazis tried to relate everything to how evil the Jews were. Every important historical event was somehow related to jews. Also source 14.24
Indifference to the weak: 14.21 The Nazis were trying to say that new homes are more important than human lives.
Nationalism: source 14.22 says that "the powerless and insignificant have no history. So it is basically saying that Germany is the best because it is a very old country.
Militarism: 14.20 says that every subject must be orientated to war. 14.26 celebrates Germany's warrior heritage.
Obedience and discipline: 14.17, if the Gestapo did not like a teacher, they could be arrested. 14.28 shows a lot of discpline too.
Hitler Worship: SOurce 14.18 shows Hitler worship, because every student was requierd to do the Hitler ssalute. Also 14.25 compares hitler to jesus.
3. What methods did the Nazis use to try to ensure schools were teaching correctly? (This is from Friday's in-class work.)
NSLB, fear & intimmidation
4. Write out a statement that explains the main educational aims of the Nazi Education System. (Reference some of the sources.)
The main goal of the Nazi Education system was to create the perfect soldiers. As 14.20 shows, everything was oriented towards war. So basically children were brainwashed into loving Hitler and wanting to be a soldier
A. teachers were pressured into joining the National Socialist teacher's League. Members had to take a 1 month course on Nazi ideology. This is was so teachers would teach the Nazi message.
B. Nazis also changed the curriculum so only their message could be taught.
C. Nazis also moved away from co-educational schools, so that each sex could get apporpriate education.
2. Give specific examples of how the Nazis tried in schools to develop the spirit of Volksgemeinschaft in the following seven goals:
Anti-intellectualism: According Source 14..16 there was no intellectual freedom and education was being degraded. Also in source 14.27 shows that Nazis did not like people reading, it calls an increase in readers a "crisis."
Anti-semitism: As source 14.23 shows, the Nazis tried to relate everything to how evil the Jews were. Every important historical event was somehow related to jews. Also source 14.24
Indifference to the weak: 14.21 The Nazis were trying to say that new homes are more important than human lives.
Nationalism: source 14.22 says that "the powerless and insignificant have no history. So it is basically saying that Germany is the best because it is a very old country.
Militarism: 14.20 says that every subject must be orientated to war. 14.26 celebrates Germany's warrior heritage.
Obedience and discipline: 14.17, if the Gestapo did not like a teacher, they could be arrested. 14.28 shows a lot of discpline too.
Hitler Worship: SOurce 14.18 shows Hitler worship, because every student was requierd to do the Hitler ssalute. Also 14.25 compares hitler to jesus.
3. What methods did the Nazis use to try to ensure schools were teaching correctly? (This is from Friday's in-class work.)
NSLB, fear & intimmidation
4. Write out a statement that explains the main educational aims of the Nazi Education System. (Reference some of the sources.)
The main goal of the Nazi Education system was to create the perfect soldiers. As 14.20 shows, everything was oriented towards war. So basically children were brainwashed into loving Hitler and wanting to be a soldier
Tuesday, March 22, 2011
How Hitler Got Away with Murder in NOLK
1. Find the sources on page 178. What reasons can you infer from each source (Sources 10.12 to 10.20) as to why Hitler got away with the Night of the Long Knives?
Source 10.12: THis law made the Night of the Long Knives legal, so no one could say that Hitler's actions were illegal.
Source 10.13: Hitler is explaining why it was OK that he killed people without having any charges. He is saying that he was protecting the German people, and he had to be the "supreme judge" and punish the communists and SA.
Source 10.14: This source shows that people believed that Hitler was protecting them, and that the NOLK was good for them. They thought he was cleansing the Nazi movement.
Source 10.15: Again, people felt the Nazis were being cleansed of evil-doers like Röhm.
Source 10.16: This quote shows that the army supports Hitler. It is very importnant for evil dictators to have the army on their side.
Source 10.17: This quote shows that the ordinary German was scared. After NOLK, people knew how powerful the Nazis were. They probably did not speak out against NOLK for fear of being killed.
Source 10.18: AT this point, Hindenburg was the greatest threat to Hitler's power. Hindenburg could still dismiss Hitler at any time (because he was president). SO it was good for Hitler that Hindenburg approved of the NOLK.
Source 10.19: A lot People supported hitler
Source 10.20: People were glad that Hitler "freed" them from the SA and the Marxists
2. Read page 179. Why was the Night of the Long Knives so significant in Hitler's consolidation of power? (Be sure to use specific details in your answer.)
Hitler conquered the Left and the Right. He killed the leftists (SA) in his party, and he had support from the elite (right). The army swore its allegiance to him. NOLK intimidated future opponents, and emboldened Hitler.
Source 10.12: THis law made the Night of the Long Knives legal, so no one could say that Hitler's actions were illegal.
Source 10.13: Hitler is explaining why it was OK that he killed people without having any charges. He is saying that he was protecting the German people, and he had to be the "supreme judge" and punish the communists and SA.
Source 10.14: This source shows that people believed that Hitler was protecting them, and that the NOLK was good for them. They thought he was cleansing the Nazi movement.
Source 10.15: Again, people felt the Nazis were being cleansed of evil-doers like Röhm.
Source 10.16: This quote shows that the army supports Hitler. It is very importnant for evil dictators to have the army on their side.
Source 10.17: This quote shows that the ordinary German was scared. After NOLK, people knew how powerful the Nazis were. They probably did not speak out against NOLK for fear of being killed.
Source 10.18: AT this point, Hindenburg was the greatest threat to Hitler's power. Hindenburg could still dismiss Hitler at any time (because he was president). SO it was good for Hitler that Hindenburg approved of the NOLK.
Source 10.19: A lot People supported hitler
Source 10.20: People were glad that Hitler "freed" them from the SA and the Marxists
2. Read page 179. Why was the Night of the Long Knives so significant in Hitler's consolidation of power? (Be sure to use specific details in your answer.)
Hitler conquered the Left and the Right. He killed the leftists (SA) in his party, and he had support from the elite (right). The army swore its allegiance to him. NOLK intimidated future opponents, and emboldened Hitler.
Nazi Rule in Germany
1. Study document A in Chapter 3. Make a detailed list of the kinds of people who were likely to be arrested as "Enemies of the State" in Nazi Germany.
Jews, communists/political enemies, the "work-shy," homosexuals, people who diss Hitler, Bibelforschers, actual criminals
2. Provide detailed notes on the following sub-topics in Chapter 4 (Jews in Nazi Germany)
Hitler's anti-Semitic ideas: Hitler believed that Jews were responsible for the defeat in WWI and that Jewish business men were plotting to take over the world. He also believed jews were an inferior race.
The dismissal of Jews from jobs, 1933: SA boycotted Jewish stores, Jews were sacked from every important job (civil service, law, universites, etc.)
The Nuremberg Laws, 1935: The first law made Jews no longer German citizens, the second prevented marriage between aryans and jews
The "Night of Broken Glass", Night when 10,000 Jewish shops were smashed and looted
1938 Violence against Jews: Homes & synagogues were burned, dozens killed, thousands arrested.
3. Why do you think Hitler and the Nazis put so much effort into organizing the lives of young people? (Chapter 5)
Because Hitler knew that the children were the future, so he wanted to indoctrinate them and make them loyal to him.
4. Study the photographs carefully in Chapter 5. Then, using the information and evidence you have read about young people, write a diary of one day in a Hitler Youth camp.
Herr Diary,
After the morning announcements today, we had a surprise 5km hike! What fun, knowing that we are making our bodies stronger in service for the Führer! We ate nothing but saurkraut all day. Tonight we are camping in the mountains.
Hansel
5. What effect did "the three Ks" have upon women. (Chapter 6)
Women in professional positions lost their jobs. Women were encouraged to have children, and thats it.
6. Study the photograph in Chapter 6 (2nd page) and read the rules of the National Reich Church. Explain in your own words the kind of religion which the Nazis wanted Germans to follow.
A Hitler-based cult.
7. How did Hitler address the massive unemployment situation in Germany when he came to power? (Chapter 7)
He Created the National labour Service, fired Jews and women, and rearmament.
8. What is the significance of the German Labor Front? (Chapter 7)
It replaced trade unions. IT abolished the limit on the number of hours people could work. The government had to approve of your job.
9. In your own words, discuss the significance of the Strength through Joy program. (Chapter 8)
Robert Ley believed that if people were happy, they would be better workers. The KDF organized sports matches, and vacations to keep people happy.
10. Describe Dr. Joseph Goebbels propaganda and censorship tactics. What effect did they have upon the German citizen? (Chapter 9).
Goebbels used the news paper, radio, and rallies to spread the Nazi message. Anything that was deemed harmful was banned: jazz, Tarzan, etc. German citizens could be executed if they said a Hitler joke.
Jews, communists/political enemies, the "work-shy," homosexuals, people who diss Hitler, Bibelforschers, actual criminals
2. Provide detailed notes on the following sub-topics in Chapter 4 (Jews in Nazi Germany)
Hitler's anti-Semitic ideas: Hitler believed that Jews were responsible for the defeat in WWI and that Jewish business men were plotting to take over the world. He also believed jews were an inferior race.
The dismissal of Jews from jobs, 1933: SA boycotted Jewish stores, Jews were sacked from every important job (civil service, law, universites, etc.)
The Nuremberg Laws, 1935: The first law made Jews no longer German citizens, the second prevented marriage between aryans and jews
The "Night of Broken Glass", Night when 10,000 Jewish shops were smashed and looted
1938 Violence against Jews: Homes & synagogues were burned, dozens killed, thousands arrested.
3. Why do you think Hitler and the Nazis put so much effort into organizing the lives of young people? (Chapter 5)
Because Hitler knew that the children were the future, so he wanted to indoctrinate them and make them loyal to him.
4. Study the photographs carefully in Chapter 5. Then, using the information and evidence you have read about young people, write a diary of one day in a Hitler Youth camp.
Herr Diary,
After the morning announcements today, we had a surprise 5km hike! What fun, knowing that we are making our bodies stronger in service for the Führer! We ate nothing but saurkraut all day. Tonight we are camping in the mountains.
Hansel
5. What effect did "the three Ks" have upon women. (Chapter 6)
Women in professional positions lost their jobs. Women were encouraged to have children, and thats it.
6. Study the photograph in Chapter 6 (2nd page) and read the rules of the National Reich Church. Explain in your own words the kind of religion which the Nazis wanted Germans to follow.
A Hitler-based cult.
7. How did Hitler address the massive unemployment situation in Germany when he came to power? (Chapter 7)
He Created the National labour Service, fired Jews and women, and rearmament.
8. What is the significance of the German Labor Front? (Chapter 7)
It replaced trade unions. IT abolished the limit on the number of hours people could work. The government had to approve of your job.
9. In your own words, discuss the significance of the Strength through Joy program. (Chapter 8)
Robert Ley believed that if people were happy, they would be better workers. The KDF organized sports matches, and vacations to keep people happy.
10. Describe Dr. Joseph Goebbels propaganda and censorship tactics. What effect did they have upon the German citizen? (Chapter 9).
Goebbels used the news paper, radio, and rallies to spread the Nazi message. Anything that was deemed harmful was banned: jazz, Tarzan, etc. German citizens could be executed if they said a Hitler joke.
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