1. Why did Hinderburg's advisers agree to the appointment of Hitler as chancellor in January 1933?
They thought Hitler was a passing figure on the political stage, and that he could be tamed.
2. Why is the term "totalitarianism" used to describe Nazi Germany?
Because Hitler was the only leader. He got rid of parliament, and claimed the presidency after hindenburg died, so he was the total leader of Germany.
3. Why did the Enabling Law allow Hitler to overcome the constitutional restraints of the Weimar system?
It said that the National Cabinet could enact laws that deviate from the constitution.
4. What was the goal of Goebbels' Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda?
It basically was in control of every form of media and art, and anything that was considered "un-German" was banned or destroyed.
5. How did Hitler destroy potential sources of opposition?
He made it illegal to be a part of any party but the Nazi party.
6. Which laws served as the first steps in Hitler's plan to eliminate Germany's Jewish community?
Nuremberg laws on citizenship and race, law for the protection of German blood and honor, Supplementary decree on citizenship.
Thursday, February 17, 2011
Thursday, February 10, 2011
The Troubled Infancy of the Weimar Republic
1. Explain why several segments of German society never accepted the legitimacy of the Weimar system.
Mostly the far left-wing factions like the Communist party were not excepted into society. The were not accepted because they opposed the Weimar government and performed acts of terrorism.
2. How did Hitler use anti-Semitism to further his political aspirations?
Many people at the time blamed jews for Germany losing the war. Hitler's anti-semitism appealed to many people.
3. How was the French occupation of the Ruhr tied to Germany's hyperinflation?
The Weimar government supported strikers in the Ruhr by printing more money, which created inflation.
4. Describe "Weimar culture" and explain why many Germans rejected its values.
There were exciting advances in the arts, and Berlin replaced Paris as the unofficial center of European culture. Jazz became popular. Many people rejected its values though because of its more liberal attitude towards women.
5. How did the conflict between the Catholic Center Party and the SPD contribute to the political crisis of the Weimar Republic?
Because the Catholics and the SPD were the two main parties. So it created a lot of disturbance when they had conflicts. THe catholics tried to keep the SPD out of the cabinet and tried to limit the SPD's control of the government.
6. How did the economic depression that began in 1929 create an opportunity for extremist political parties in Weimar Germany?
Because of the depression, American investors felt investing in Germany was too great a risk, so they demanded that Germany pay its loans. This created a lot of debt in Germany. The government was deadlocked and could do nothing. Because of the ineffectiveness of the Weimar government, many people joined extremist groups like the Nazis
Mostly the far left-wing factions like the Communist party were not excepted into society. The were not accepted because they opposed the Weimar government and performed acts of terrorism.
2. How did Hitler use anti-Semitism to further his political aspirations?
Many people at the time blamed jews for Germany losing the war. Hitler's anti-semitism appealed to many people.
3. How was the French occupation of the Ruhr tied to Germany's hyperinflation?
The Weimar government supported strikers in the Ruhr by printing more money, which created inflation.
4. Describe "Weimar culture" and explain why many Germans rejected its values.
There were exciting advances in the arts, and Berlin replaced Paris as the unofficial center of European culture. Jazz became popular. Many people rejected its values though because of its more liberal attitude towards women.
5. How did the conflict between the Catholic Center Party and the SPD contribute to the political crisis of the Weimar Republic?
Because the Catholics and the SPD were the two main parties. So it created a lot of disturbance when they had conflicts. THe catholics tried to keep the SPD out of the cabinet and tried to limit the SPD's control of the government.
6. How did the economic depression that began in 1929 create an opportunity for extremist political parties in Weimar Germany?
Because of the depression, American investors felt investing in Germany was too great a risk, so they demanded that Germany pay its loans. This created a lot of debt in Germany. The government was deadlocked and could do nothing. Because of the ineffectiveness of the Weimar government, many people joined extremist groups like the Nazis
Monday, February 7, 2011
Unrest and the Treaty of Versailles
1. Using the information from Chapter 4, what were the threats to the new Weimar Republic? How did the Free Corps assist the government
The new threats were another communist uprising, and Bavaria in the south. The Free Corps helped to get rid of the communists in Berlin and Munich. In Munich, they burst threw the walls and ended the seige.
2. How did the Germans react to the Treaty of Versailles?
They were horrifed and angry. The wanted a fair peace-treaty.
3. Who were the "November Criminals"?
The politicians who signed the armistice
4. Read chapter 5. Why didn't Field Marshal von Hindenburg and the other general fight instead of having the Weimar government sign the Treaty of Versailles?
Because the Generals knew they could not win. They could maybe hold off the allies for a while, but they could not win.
5. What were the major aspects of the Treaty that caused Germans to object so strongly to it?
Germany lost all of its land west of the Rhine, some land was given to Poland, and Alsace Lorraine was given to France. Germany was also blamed for starting the war. Their army could not exceed 100,000 men.
The new threats were another communist uprising, and Bavaria in the south. The Free Corps helped to get rid of the communists in Berlin and Munich. In Munich, they burst threw the walls and ended the seige.
2. How did the Germans react to the Treaty of Versailles?
They were horrifed and angry. The wanted a fair peace-treaty.
3. Who were the "November Criminals"?
The politicians who signed the armistice
4. Read chapter 5. Why didn't Field Marshal von Hindenburg and the other general fight instead of having the Weimar government sign the Treaty of Versailles?
Because the Generals knew they could not win. They could maybe hold off the allies for a while, but they could not win.
5. What were the major aspects of the Treaty that caused Germans to object so strongly to it?
Germany lost all of its land west of the Rhine, some land was given to Poland, and Alsace Lorraine was given to France. Germany was also blamed for starting the war. Their army could not exceed 100,000 men.
Thursday, February 3, 2011
The German Revolution
1. Using the documents in Chapter 1 as evidence, list the ways in which conditions in Germany worsened during the war.
There was a lot less food, and people began to get sick of fighting. In the winter of 1916-1917 (the Turnip Winter), the potato crop was really bad and everyone had to eat turnips instead and potato-flocken. There was no coal, the electricity was turned off, and the gas was turned down.
2. Give two reasons why the war caused such bad conditions for German civilians.
1. Much of the food was redirected to soldiers
2. The British Blockade
3. After reading Chapter 2, give two reasons why Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated on November 10, 1918.
1. The country was breaking apart: Bavaria and Saxony set up their own socialist republics.
2. His generals refused to suport him
4. Using the information you have read in this chapter, give evidence to support the statement that there was "revolution all over Germany."
There was revolution in Kiel and nearby ports, as well as in Saxony and Bavaria.
5. Study the information about the German Socialists in Chapter 2, page 5. What did the three Socialist groups have in common?
They all wanted to improve workers' conditions, and give everyone the right to vote.
6. In what ways were the Socialist groups different.
The Social Democrats wanted to support the government and make changed throught the parliament. The Independent Socialists opposed the government and wanted to make changes by striking. The Spartacists wanted to overthrow the government, and then have soviets run the country.
7. After reading Chapter 3 make a time chart of the events of the German Revolution from Nov. 10, 1918 to Jan. 15, 1919. You should be able to find six events.
-Nov. 10, 1918: Friedrich Ebert tells Germans that they have freedom of speech and religion and people will be fed.
-December 1918: Sparticists held a demonstration, Ebert kills 16 people.
- December 22: A thousand sailors burst into parliment and hold Ebert at gun-point, demanding more pay.
-December 31: The Sparticists rename themselves the German Communist Party and plan a communist revolution.
-6 January, 1919: Te Sparticists begin their revolution
-10 January, 1919: 2000 Freikorps attack the German Communists in Berlin. THere was fierce fighting in the street for the next 3 days.
-15 January: Free Korps capture Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht and kill them.
8. At what time would you say the Communists had their best chance of seizing power? Explain your answer.
Probably on December 22 1918. Maybe if they had helped the sailors and gained their support, they could have killed Ebert and taken over the government.
There was a lot less food, and people began to get sick of fighting. In the winter of 1916-1917 (the Turnip Winter), the potato crop was really bad and everyone had to eat turnips instead and potato-flocken. There was no coal, the electricity was turned off, and the gas was turned down.
2. Give two reasons why the war caused such bad conditions for German civilians.
1. Much of the food was redirected to soldiers
2. The British Blockade
3. After reading Chapter 2, give two reasons why Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated on November 10, 1918.
1. The country was breaking apart: Bavaria and Saxony set up their own socialist republics.
2. His generals refused to suport him
4. Using the information you have read in this chapter, give evidence to support the statement that there was "revolution all over Germany."
There was revolution in Kiel and nearby ports, as well as in Saxony and Bavaria.
5. Study the information about the German Socialists in Chapter 2, page 5. What did the three Socialist groups have in common?
They all wanted to improve workers' conditions, and give everyone the right to vote.
6. In what ways were the Socialist groups different.
The Social Democrats wanted to support the government and make changed throught the parliament. The Independent Socialists opposed the government and wanted to make changes by striking. The Spartacists wanted to overthrow the government, and then have soviets run the country.
7. After reading Chapter 3 make a time chart of the events of the German Revolution from Nov. 10, 1918 to Jan. 15, 1919. You should be able to find six events.
-Nov. 10, 1918: Friedrich Ebert tells Germans that they have freedom of speech and religion and people will be fed.
-December 1918: Sparticists held a demonstration, Ebert kills 16 people.
- December 22: A thousand sailors burst into parliment and hold Ebert at gun-point, demanding more pay.
-December 31: The Sparticists rename themselves the German Communist Party and plan a communist revolution.
-6 January, 1919: Te Sparticists begin their revolution
-10 January, 1919: 2000 Freikorps attack the German Communists in Berlin. THere was fierce fighting in the street for the next 3 days.
-15 January: Free Korps capture Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht and kill them.
8. At what time would you say the Communists had their best chance of seizing power? Explain your answer.
Probably on December 22 1918. Maybe if they had helped the sailors and gained their support, they could have killed Ebert and taken over the government.
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